Posts belonging to Category 'acute asthma attack'

hyperventilation

Question:

Pam,    I am certain you just mistyped, but…… Hyperventilation, is not always caused from being afraid.  Sometimes it is the body’s way of dealing with the decrease in oxygen.  During an asthma attack there is less oxygen going from the lungs to the blood stream, in order to increase the oxygen the mind tells the lungs to take more breaths.  This leads to getting rid of more then normal amount of CO2 or carbon dioxide.  This will make the blood pH go down so the kidneys need to add Bicarb to the blood to bring it back to normal.

The kidneys will *remove* (not add)Bicard to compensate.   This is how the doctor can tell if the person is chronic or acute if the pH is normal and the CO2 is low and the Bicarb is high.

When the CO2 drops the Bicarb *drops*(not rises)  A person that has been in an acute asthma attack for several hours or if they have had severe bronchospasm and no supplementary O2 to breath the muscles begin to tier and produce more CO2. The person is unable to breath faster or deeper and the CO2 builds up in the blood.  The pH begins to build up but it takes to long for the kidneys to work to bring the pH back to normal..  The CO2 then begins taking the O2’s place in the blood and the person is suffering from a lack of O2. That is when the doctor decides to put the person on a ventilator to help them breath.  This is an asthmatics worse nightmare.  I hope this is not confusing and hopefully will help explain some of the questions concerning hyperventilation.   PAM.

bill

Response:

Hyperventilation, is not always caused from being afraid.  Sometimes it is the body’s way of dealing with the decrease in oxygen.  During an asthma attack there is less oxygen going from the lungs to the blood stream, in order to increase the oxygen the mind tells the lungs to take more breaths.  This leads to getting rid of more then normal amount of CO2 or carbon dioxide.  This will make the blood pH go down so the kidneys need to add Bicarb to the blood to bring it back to normal.  This is how the doctor can tell if the person is chronic or acute if the pH is normal and the CO2 is low and the Bicarb is high.  A person that has been in an acute asthma attack for several hours or if they have had severe bronchospasm and no supplementary O2 to breath the muscles begin to tier and produce more CO2. The person is unable to breath faster or deeper and the CO2 builds up in the blood.  The pH begins to build up but it takes to long for the kidneys to work to bring the pH back to normal..  The CO2 then begins taking the O2’s place in the blood and the person is suffering from a lack of O2. That is when the doctor decides to put the person on a ventilator to help them breath.  This is an asthmatics worse nightmare.  I hope this is not confusing and hopefully will help explain some of the questions concerning hyperventilation.   PAM.

Response:

: I have a three-year old yellow lab that hyperventilates occasionally : after waking up.  It has not gotten so bad as to make him faint, but : I’d like to know what to do if the problem exculates to that point. For humans they say breath into a paper bag. Could you try the same for your dog? You may have to get him used to the idea when he is NOT hyperventilating, first though. Other than that, try to calm him and help him to relax. Ute — OR

Response:

I have a three-year old yellow lab that hyperventilates occasionally after waking up.  It has not gotten so bad as to make him faint, but I’d like to know what to do if the problem exculates to that point. Thanks, Lisa  

Response:

: I have a three-year old yellow lab that hyperventilates occasionally : after waking up.  It has not gotten so bad as to make him faint, but : I’d like to know what to do if the problem exculates to that point. For humans they say breath into a paper bag. Could you try the same for your dog? You may have to get him used to the idea when he is NOT hyperventilating, first though. Other than that, try to calm him and help him to relax. Ute — OR

Response:

I have a three-year old yellow lab that hyperventilates occasionally after waking up.  It has not gotten so bad as to make him faint, but I’d like to know what to do if the problem exculates to that point. Thanks, Lisa  

Response:

Problems with albuterol

Question:

Hello, I am new to this newsgroup and so if this has been discussed previously, I apologize.  I use an albuterol inhaler every day (2 puffs, 4 times a day).  Since I got diagnosed with asthma in early 1996 after a long bout with a cold/flu/pneumonia/bronchitis and began using this inhaler, I have had terrible mood swings.  I am constantly frustrated with everyone and everything.  After 18 months of this I finally went to see a doctor who now has me taking one benadryl a day right before I go to bed.  For the first time in 18 months, I can control my temper (which had been raging for the last 6 months) and I can function in my job and at home. Has anyone else had these problems?  The M.D. that I saw specializes in mood disorders and recognizes it as a problem with albuterol.  Has anyone else heard of albuterol causing mood swings. Thanks for your input. Mike

Response:

Hello, I am new to this newsgroup and so if this has been discussed previously, I apologize.  I use an albuterol inhaler every day (2 puffs, 4 times a day).  Since I got diagnosed with asthma in early 1996 after a long bout with a cold/flu/pneumonia/bronchitis and began using this inhaler, I have had terrible mood swings.  I am constantly frustrated with everyone and everything.  After 18 months of this I finally went to see a doctor who now has me taking one benadryl a day right before I go to bed.  For the first time in 18 months, I can control my temper (which had been raging for the last 6 months) and I can function in my job and at home. Has anyone else had these problems?  The M.D. that I saw specializes in mood disorders and recognizes it as a problem with albuterol.  Has anyone else heard of albuterol causing mood swings.

You desprately need a referal to an asthma specalist.  You are using _way_ too much albuterol.  Albuterol is not intended as a long-term asthma treatment, instead it is used as a ‘rescue’ medication that is taken only to relieve an acute asthma attack. You should be on some form of medication to control your asthma and prevent your attacks from occuring in the first place. ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

That is not "way too much" albuterol. Docs send patients home on doses higher than that every day. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Hello, I am new to this newsgroup and so if this has been discussed previously, I apologize.  I use an albuterol inhaler every day (2 puffs, 4 times a day).  Since I got diagnosed with asthma in early 1996 after a long bout with a cold/flu/pneumonia/bronchitis and began using this inhaler, I have had terrible mood swings.  I am constantly frustrated with everyone and everything.  After 18 months of this I finally went to see a doctor who now has me taking one benadryl a day right before I go to bed.  For the first time in 18 months, I can control my temper (which had been raging for the last 6 months) and I can function in my job and at home. Has anyone else had these problems?  The M.D. that I saw specializes in mood disorders and recognizes it as a problem with albuterol.  Has anyone else heard of albuterol causing mood swings. You desprately need a referal to an asthma specalist.  You are using _way_ too much albuterol.  Albuterol is not intended as a long-term asthma treatment, instead it is used as a ‘rescue’ medication that is taken only to relieve an acute asthma attack. You should be on some form of medication to control your asthma and prevent your attacks from occuring in the first place. ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

That is not "way too much" albuterol. Docs send patients home on doses higher than that every day.

Maybe so, but not as the ONLY medication. Kim

Response:

Dear Mike, Before adding medications to your treatment to control side-effects, you should review with your doctor the best way to use the albuterol you’ve been given.  It is now recommended by ALL consensus guidelines on optimal treatment that albuterol should be inhaled only when it is needed to relieve tightness and is not to be used on a scheduled basis.  If your use decreases to occasional puffs, the mood swings may not trouble you.  If you still find yourself seeking quick relief from albuterol puffs three or four times a day,  your doctor should be giving you an inhaled preventive (ie. inhaled steroid).  One of the other respondents to your original posting suggested that you consider Serverent.  I would not use this before a preventive inhaled steroid had been used.  Not only is an inhaled steroid a better preventive but Serevent is more likely to produce side-effects in someone intolerant of albuterol.  Serevent is like 12 hour albuterol! (If your doctor insists you continue with scheduled four times daily albuterol, find a new doctor who is more up to date). Ken – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Hello, I am new to this newsgroup and so if this has been discussed previously, I apologize.  I use an albuterol inhaler every day (2 puffs, 4 times a day).  Since I got diagnosed with asthma in early 1996 after a long bout with a cold/flu/pneumonia/bronchitis and began using this inhaler, I have had terrible mood swings.  I am constantly frustrated with everyone and everything.  After 18 months of this I finally went to see a doctor who now has me taking one benadryl a day right before I go to bed.  For the first time in 18 months, I can control my temper (which had been raging for the last 6 months) and I can function in my job and at home. Has anyone else had these problems?  The M.D. that I saw specializes in mood disorders and recognizes it as a problem with albuterol.  Has anyone else heard of albuterol causing mood swings. Thanks for your input. Mike

– Kenneth Chapman Director Asthma Centre of The Toronto Hospital

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text -I do go to an asthma specialist.  We have tried every combination of drugs to control my asthma and this is best way that it works, so far. I am not going to some quack.  I have placed a call to his office this morning to find out what the heck is going on with my medication and maybe I am taking it wrong. You should be on some form of medication to control your asthma and prevent your attacks from occuring in the first place. I have only had two attacks in the past year.  I do have some times when I wheeze a little, but I use the albuterol and that goes away.  I am also taking vanceril 2 puffs 2 times a day, also….  I must be seriously mistaken about what I am supposed to be doing with this medication.  I was told that the albuterol was the control and the vanceril was the rescue. I have just called my doctor and there had better be a good explanation for this. Thanks. Sean

You’ve got it backwards..the vanceril is to control your asthma and the  albuterol is a rescue med….Get you doc to WRITE out his asthma plan for  you…he may give you a hard time about this cause it takes time but it will  make it easier for you to follow and you will know what is expected of you.  If you plan seems not to be working then its time for a new one.  Good luck "listen here ye little children and remember the truth how ever so pain, will  set you free." Seek to find the joy in the truth…..

Response:

That is not "way too much" albuterol. Docs send patients home on doses higher than that every day.

I suggest that you review the ‘97 asthma treatment guidelines.  In addition I suggest that you read a book or two on asthma. Just because doctors do prescribe the stuff in this manner for short term usage – dosen’t make it a correct medication for asthma control This is why I suggested that he seek a referral to an asthma specalist.   ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

CC You desperately need a referral to an asthma specialist.  You are   using _way_ too much albuterol.  Albuterol is not intended as a   long-term asthma treatment, instead it is used as a ‘rescue’   medication that is taken only to relieve an acute asthma attack. SB I do go to an asthma specialist.  We have tried every combination of   drugs to control my asthma and this is best way that it works, so far.  And what works is what counts, no?  I really wonder about the way  people blithely pontificate here.  From elsewhere, and out of context: BF It sounds like your asthma is undertreated   since you end up in ER more than twice a year.  Am I to read that that it’s *okay* to end up in a hospital twice a  year?  It’s expected?  I haven’t been on prednisone in 18 months,  haven’t been hospitalized in 33.  I’m supposed to care that according  to some souls I’m taking too much medication, when I’m taking it at  the levels an asthma specialist has prescribed and it’s working.  I’m  supposed to bemoan taking various combinations of seven different drugs  seven times a day as burdensome, the way some people whine about taking  two or three drugs?  I think not. SB I have only had two attacks in the past year.  I haven’t had anything I’d rate as an attack in over a year.  Some  occasional minor wheeziness, but nothing frightening or even much  noticeable, compared to stuff I endured previously. —

Response:

And I suggest you speak to those who have severe asthma. They will use more than that. Alot more than that in a day. In fact, those with severe asthma wake up every few hours during the night to take the meds too. Perhaps he NEEDS that much med to keep it under control. Just because you don’t agree does not make it wrong. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – That is not "way too much" albuterol. Docs send patients home on doses higher than that every day. I suggest that you review the ‘97 asthma treatment guidelines.  In addition I suggest that you read a book or two on asthma. Just because doctors do prescribe the stuff in this manner for short term usage – dosen’t make it a correct medication for asthma control This is why I suggested that he seek a referral to an asthma specalist. ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

And I suggest you speak to those who have severe asthma. They will use more than that. Alot more than that in a day. In fact, those with severe asthma wake up every few hours during the night to take the meds too. Perhaps he NEEDS that much med to keep it under control. Just because you don’t agree does not make it wrong.

Like I said, I recommended that he see an asthma specalist.  You act like I was telling him to reduce his medications or something. ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

My name is Brenda and I have a 10 year old son who has been diagnosed with astma when he was 3 years old and nothing the doctors have prescribed seems to work for him. They’ve had him on liquid albuterol and now they have him useing the inhaler and ive heard that neither are very good for you. Could you send me some suggestions on how to treat his astma. It’s almost like just allergies cause it only acts up about twice a year.

My advice would be to get him tested for allergies.  If he turns up as allergic to seasonal irritants, then you can take measures to avoid those irritants and increase preventative medication shortly before that season. I assume that he is on preventative medications.  Finding the ‘right’ preventative medications is frequently a trial-and-error process, keep on your doctor to keep working on the treatment program until you find something that works. ‘Reply to’ address changed to foil email spammers.

Response:

Asthma, pnemonia

Question:

Are young kids with asthma at more risk for pnuemonia? My three year old asthmatic child has had two episode of pneumonia. While I know that sometimes pneumonia is misdiagnosed in asthmatics. I believe his episodes were truly pneumonia, based upon what medications helped relieve his symptoms.

Response:

Read your post and am wondering if the child had an asthma (acute) attack prior to the pneumonia ? I ask because this is not rare for someone to possibily go into pneumonia after an acute attack, the reason being that the mucus and all lie in the lungs allowing bacteria to grow, this is why my pulmo start an antibotic after an acute attack regardless. Hope this helps. You may wish to discuss this with your child’s doc and all. Gail

No, he had not been having an acute asthma attack for over a month before the pneumonia.  In the days leading up to the pneumonia, he ( and many of his classmates got sick(vomiting) on or about the same day.  He then continued to have a fever for manay days.

Response:

inhaled steroids v. bronchodilators in kids

Question:

My son is 10 and has been using albuterol as needed for 2 years. He is only allergic to dust so there are times when he is relatively symptom-free, like at summer camp where there are no rugs or upholstered furniture. A year ago his doctor put hhim on inhaled steroids daily and we did it for 4-6 weeks with pretty good results but I am nervous about him using steroids chronically so I took him off and he does ok using chromolyn-sodium or sometimes just the bronchodilator/albuterol as needed. This time of year that can be daily. Does anyone know if there is a problem with daily used of albuterol vs. daily used of steriods?

Response:

 My son is 10 and has been using albuterol as needed for 2 years. He is  only allergic to dust so there are times when he is relatively  symptom-free, like at summer camp where there are no rugs or upholstered  furniture. A year ago his doctor put hhim on inhaled steroids daily and we  did it for 4-6 weeks with pretty good results but I am nervous about him  using steroids chronically so I took him off and he does ok using  chromolyn-sodium or sometimes just the bronchodilator/albuterol as needed.  This time of year that can be daily. Does anyone know if there is a  problem with daily used of albuterol vs. daily used of steriods?

For many reasons we prefer the inhaled steroids over the albuterol. If he needs the albuterol daily, that’s a sign that the asthma is not under good control. The albuterol is struggling to push open what inflamation is attempting to close up, so the efficiency of his respiration depends very much on the level of albuterol in his system. During long periods without albuterol (e.g., when he’s asleep), he may not be breathing nearly as well as he could, and that might interfere with his growth, his alertness, his moods, etc. And an intense trigger such as a nasty respiratory virus could come along right now while he’s compromised and really be risky for him. Maybe we’ll turn out to be wrong in the long-run, but we’re much more worried about the side effects of unchecked asthma than we are about the side effects of the inhaled steroids. Our boys seem to be thriving, and we’ve been able to avoid ER visits, bursts of pred, and use of albuterol (most of the time), just using inhaled (and nasal) steroids. Just one parent’s point of view. Mark — Mark Feblowitz,   GTE Laboratories Inc., 40 Sylvan Rd.  Waltham, MA 02254

Response:

My son is 10 and has been using albuterol as needed for 2 years. He is only allergic to dust so there are times when he is relatively symptom-free, like at summer camp where there are no rugs or upholstered furniture. A year ago his doctor put hhim on inhaled steroids daily and we did it for 4-6 weeks with pretty good results but I am nervous about him using steroids chronically so I took him off and he does ok using chromolyn-sodium or sometimes just the bronchodilator/albuterol as needed. This time of year that can be daily. Does anyone know if there is a problem with daily used of albuterol vs. daily used of steriods?

Potential side effects to daily inhaled steroid use are oral thrush, and  a small potential for systemic effects to occur, which increases as the dose increases. It depends somewhat on which product you use.  The incidence of oral thrush can be decreased by using turbuhalers or a aerochamber/spacer device with the inhaled steroid. By using the inhaled steroid, it is targeted directly to the site of action (the lung) rather than having to go through the whole body and bloodstream to get there.  This reduces side effects A LOT compared to oral steroids (like prednisone) which are used in severe attacks, and do have a lot of side effects. Potential side effects of daily bronchodilator use are rapid heart rate, tremnulousness, and at higher doses over long periods of time, the body can become very used to having the bronchodilator there, and will not be responsive when the bronchodilator is needed for an acute asthma attack. Studies have been done which show increased incidence of DEATH in asthma patients who use bronchodilators alone in high doses for asthma control.   The goal of inhaled steroid is to decrease the need for bronchodilators, so that when an acute asthma attack develops, the bronchodilator will be able to do its job.  A reasonable goal (for most people) for control with proper inhaled steroid use is to need bronchodilator at the most once daily.   Otherwise, asthma control is not as good as it could be. These types of studies have changed the way we think about asthma, and inhaled steroids are definitely considered the mainstay of therapy. If you know what medications your son is using, write me back and I may be able to tailor this info. a bit more for you. However, I would strongly encourage you to continue the inhaled steroids for your son.  The benefits outweigh the risks in my opinion. Dean Elbe, B.Sc.(Pharm.)

Response:

Pulmonary Function Test

Question:

I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal?

Response:

I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal?

This is something that sometimes happens.  Usually further tests (and a referral to an asthma specialist) will be necessary in order to determine if it really is asthma. "Keep looking below surface appearances. Don’t shrink from doing so (just) because you might not like what you find."    General Colin Powell

Response:

I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal?

Yes. It happens often with mild asthmatics. Asthma by definition is episodic. If you have the test on a good day it will be normal. If you were having symptoms and the test was normal then it might be time to reconsider the diagnosis and look for other reasons to cough. If there is really some doubt other tests can be done to try to stimulate and attack (methacholine challenge). — CBI, MD

Response:

I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal?

The standard lung function test for asthma involves measuring lung function before and after administering a bronchodilator inhaler; substantial improvement in lung function post bronchodilator tends to indicate asthma. For difficult to diagnose cases, a methacholine challenge test can be administered. Lung function is measured as higher levels of methacholine inhalant are adminstered, looking for a 20% drop in lung function. If achieved, this indicates the possibility of asthma; if not, it rules out asthma. However most doctors would give a trial run of asthma drugs to see if they help. If so that tends to support the asthma diagnosis. [Whatever works, works.] A possible contributor to asthma is sinusitis or GE reflux. These need to be treated if they are present. Ellis

Response:

What do people know about any interfering meds? I didn’t really test asthmatic at first, no change with meds, but had been on Beta blockers for 2 years  ( scary isn’t it?) for constant migraines.  I think the asthma was just so bad by then, that albuterol didn’t immediately help. I think I read once that Calcium channel blockers can cause a false neg on some challenge tests. Not sure how much this really factors in, but I know Beta Blockers are bad news for asthmatics. I am sure I wouldn’t test the same now, 8 years later. the peakflows look like yo-yos – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal? Yes. It happens often with mild asthmatics. Asthma by definition is episodic. If you have the test on a good day it will be normal. If you were having symptoms and the test was normal then it might be time to reconsider the diagnosis and look for other reasons to cough. If there is really some doubt other tests can be done to try to stimulate and attack (methacholine challenge). — CBI, MD

Response:

I wouldn’t be too anxious to be diagosed with asthma.  As I have found out, it plays hell with your ability to get any decent health insurance at all, regardless of high rates.  If I knew then what I know now, I’d try to keep it off my record as long as possible. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal? The standard lung function test for asthma involves measuring lung function before and after administering a bronchodilator inhaler; substantial improvement in lung function post bronchodilator tends to indicate asthma. For difficult to diagnose cases, a methacholine challenge test can be administered. Lung function is measured as higher levels of methacholine inhalant are adminstered, looking for a 20% drop in lung function. If achieved, this indicates the possibility of asthma; if not, it rules out asthma. However most doctors would give a trial run of asthma drugs to see if they help. If so that tends to support the asthma diagnosis. [Whatever works, works.] A possible contributor to asthma is sinusitis or GE reflux. These need to be treated if they are present. Ellis

Sue M.

Response:

I wouldn’t be too anxious to be diagosed with asthma.  As I have found out, it plays hell with your ability to get any decent health insurance at all, regardless of high rates.  If I knew then what I know now, I’d try to keep it off my record as long as possible.

I sure have found that to be true!  There is not a private insurance that will touch myself or my son.  If we don’t have group insurance through a job, then the only recourse left is the State Health Insurance Pool, available to apply for if you have been denied by other insurance.  Very high premiums, very high deductibles and out of pocket, etc.  Not good news. Patrice

Response:

You’re right – thanks for the tip!

Response:

Hi… I’m new to this group. I’m dealing with a severe flare up of Asthma after having been controlled for about 18 years (I’m 45). Control here meaning the attacks, when they happened, were more of an annoyance than a problem and quickly responded to a bronchodialator. Anyway… I too have problems with migraines and back when I was 27 and having big problems with both, they switched me from beta blockers to calcium channel blockers. The difference was remarkable. Better migraine control with greatly reduced bronchospasm. As for my current problems… I’m awaiting a call from my doctor. My last function test I tested clearly positive for asthma. Dan Rhea – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – What do people know about any interfering meds? I didn’t really test asthmatic at first, no change with meds, but had been on Beta blockers for 2 years  ( scary isn’t it?) for constant migraines.  I think the asthma was just so bad by then, that albuterol didn’t immediately help. I think I read once that Calcium channel blockers can cause a false neg on some challenge tests. Not sure how much this really factors in, but I know Beta Blockers are bad news for asthmatics. I am sure I wouldn’t test the same now, 8 years later. the peakflows look like yo-yos I was diagnosed with cough variant asthma by my physician, however, the recent pulmonary function test I took did not detect asthma.  Does anyone know if you can have asthma and have a pulmonary function test be normal? Yes. It happens often with mild asthmatics. Asthma by definition is episodic. If you have the test on a good day it will be normal. If you were having symptoms and the test was normal then it might be time to reconsider the diagnosis and look for other reasons to cough. If there is really some doubt other tests can be done to try to stimulate and attack (methacholine challenge). — CBI, MD

Response:

What is a pulmonary function test? I have adult onset bronchial asthma although I did have it when I was very young according to my mom.  It disappeared until about 5 years ago. I’m 41now. I haven’t had much trouble with it until recently when I had to use an inhaled steroid (azmacort) and take Biaxin.  Although I’ve completed the 30 days of the azmacort and the biaxin I still don’t feel well.  No fever, and no green or yellow mucus.  My dr. wants me to come in a take a pulmonary function test tomorrow and put me on some new medicine.  Has anyone ever had this experience or know what might be going on here.  What is a pulmonary function test.  All this is really new to me. (My newsreader seems to be acting up again – everything above is quoted material.) A pulminory functions test is a detailed measurement of the airflow and capacities of your respratory system.  Typically, you will sit in a telephone booth like device and, on command, inhale and exhale through a tube.  The airflow through the tube is measured for different readings and the results are fed into a computer that provides a graphical or spreadsheet representation of your airflows.  You will then use a bronchodilator, wait 10 minutes, then repeat this test.  The ‘before’ and ‘after’ results are compared and this information is used by the doctor in his decision as to whether or not you have asthma.

Response:

What is a pulmonary function test.  All this is really new to me.=20

I don’t have asthma,(I did, but grew out of it as a child too) but this is what I remember from when my daughter was diagnosed w/ it: A PFT determines whether you have asthma or not. The first step is for you to breathe into a machine and it will measure your lung function. Then you’ll be given some albuterol( broncodilator) and you’ll do the test again, and if there is a 20% or greater ( I think that’s the %) improvement, then they determine that the cause of your breathing problem is asthma. BTW, i just read a post recently that it’s common for childhood asthma to return around age 35. I think that my husbands childhood asthma is making a comeback now as well, he just turned 35. I’m 32 and hope mine doesn’t return! 3 asthmatics in one house? accckkkk!! good luck w/ your test, I hope that it determines it’s not asthma after all :) Donna

Response:

– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – It sounds a bit dangerous to me, what exactly is methacholine? — It’s full name is Methacholine Chloride.  For you chemists out there it is 1-propanaminium 2-(acetyloxy)-N-N-N-trimethyl-chloride.  It is the beta-analog of acetylcholine and acts on the smooth muscle tissue of the bronchi through parasympathetic (cholinergic) innervation. Methacholine challenges are usually quite safe, much safer actually than many other routinely performed hospital procedures.  There have been very few reported incidents reported from the use of methacholine for inhalation challenges (worldwide, not just the USA). My personal experience from performing about a thousand methacholine challenges over the last 20 years is that in all that time I have only had three or four patients ever have a serious asthma attack from methacholine.  None of these patients required hospitalization and at most needed several nebulizer treatments with albuterol before leaving the PFT lab. In 99% of the cases I have dealt with, a couple of puffs of albuterol (from an MDI) are all that has been needed to reverse bronchconstriction in those people that do respond to methacholine (have a drop in FEV1 greater than 20 percent). In a very few cases, I have followed up with a couple of puffs of Atrovent (ipatromium bromide) which is a bronchodilator that is more specific to the cholinergic system. Methacholine challenges are one of the few ways that asthma can be diagnosed in people with equivocal pulmonary function test results.  To my knowledge it is the ONLY test the US military will accept for recruits with suspected asthma (the US military no longer accepts recruits with asthma). Another way of diagnosing asthma that is even safer than a methacholine challenge is a Cold-Air Challenge. Many if not most asthmatics are sensitive to cold, dry air.  I know of a few PFT labs that have cold air equipment to perform this kind of test.  However, everybody I know that does cold air challenges does so ONLY for research, and not for diagnostics.  One big reason for this is that there is no company that makes cold air challenge equipment – each lab has had to construct their own system. Here in Boston, the Asthma Research Center at Brigham and Women’s Hospital has cold air equipment (they are always looking for people with asthma for different studies – if you live in the Boston area and would like to be a subject in one or more studies on asthma contact them at 617-732-8201, they often pay research subjects and do a complete asthma work-up as well). I do not have cold air equipment in my PFT lab, mainly because it is hard to maintain.  This kind of equipment requires a lot of attention (the temperature probes break all the time and are a b***h to re-build).                            Richard Johnston                            Supervisor, Pulmonary Function Lab                            Beth Israel Hospital of Boston I have done the methacholine challenge test. The preparation is nil,the

procedure is what takes the time. Methacholine is a drug that will induce an asthma attack in any one at certain levels. The test is the methacholine drug titrated to 5 different levels. They are all administered by a device similar to doing a breathing treatment. The first one is the smallest dosage the 5th is when most persons would have trouble. You will begin the test by the comuterized peak flow test , then take the treatmet and then take the peak flow test again. The same for each level. The lower the level of methacholine that induces your symptoms the worse your asthma. BTW,I never made it past the 2nd dose.My flow dropped 60% and then I had to do a "real " treatment. The only preparation is the knowledge that you might have an asthma attack,but remain as calm as possible as you will be in a secure setting and help is right there. It is my understanding that it is extremely accurate. The usual disclaimer.blah,blah,blah….. Just stay calm and you’ll soon know!! Let me kn ow how you make out Peace, Tish are the thoughts,you have hidden in your heart…….

Response:

It sounds a bit dangerous to me, what exactly is methacholine? —

It’s full name is Methacholine Chloride.  For you chemists out there it is 1-propanaminium 2-(acetyloxy)-N-N-N-trimethyl-chloride.  It is the beta-analog of acetylcholine and acts on the smooth muscle tissue of the bronchi through parasympathetic (cholinergic) innervation. Methacholine challenges are usually quite safe, much safer actually than many other routinely performed hospital procedures.  There have been very few reported incidents reported from the use of methacholine for inhalation challenges (worldwide, not just the USA). My personal experience from performing about a thousand methacholine challenges over the last 20 years is that in all that time I have only had three or four patients ever have a serious asthma attack from methacholine.  None of these patients required hospitalization and at most needed several nebulizer treatments with albuterol before leaving the PFT lab. In 99% of the cases I have dealt with, a couple of puffs of albuterol (from an MDI) are all that has been needed to reverse bronchconstriction in those people that do respond to methacholine (have a drop in FEV1 greater than 20 percent). In a very few cases, I have followed up with a couple of puffs of Atrovent (ipatromium bromide) which is a bronchodilator that is more specific to the cholinergic system. Methacholine challenges are one of the few ways that asthma can be diagnosed in people with equivocal pulmonary function test results.  To my knowledge it is the ONLY test the US military will accept for recruits with suspected asthma (the US military no longer accepts recruits with asthma). Another way of diagnosing asthma that is even safer than a methacholine challenge is a Cold-Air Challenge. Many if not most asthmatics are sensitive to cold, dry air.  I know of a few PFT labs that have cold air equipment to perform this kind of test.  However, everybody I know that does cold air challenges does so ONLY for research, and not for diagnostics.  One big reason for this is that there is no company that makes cold air challenge equipment – each lab has had to construct their own system. Here in Boston, the Asthma Research Center at Brigham and Women’s Hospital has cold air equipment (they are always looking for people with asthma for different studies – if you live in the Boston area and would like to be a subject in one or more studies on asthma contact them at 617-732-8201, they often pay research subjects and do a complete asthma work-up as well). I do not have cold air equipment in my PFT lab, mainly because it is hard to maintain.  This kind of equipment requires a lot of attention (the temperature probes break all the time and are a b***h to re-build).                                 Richard Johnston                                 Supervisor, Pulmonary Function Lab                                 Beth Israel Hospital of Boston

Response:

It sounds a bit dangerous to me, what exactly is methacholine? — Alex Matthews http://www.fen.bris.ac.uk/students/me3135/ – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – writes: Recently I developed a serious allergy to Kiwi which caused my throat to swell and my breathing to become difficult.  After a series of allergy tests, x-rays and pulmonary function tests, I have been asked to take one more test called the "Methacholine Challenge". I would like to hear from those people who have taken this test as I really have no idea what to expect outside of the fact that I am setting myself up for an asthma attack.  This test is to take place at the hospital where oxygen and all the other good stuff is available if required.   experiences.   Thanks, Carol Hi Carol, the methacoline challenge test is a test that determines how "hyper-sensitive" your airways are, and is a good indication of how severe your asthma is. The test is relatively routine when regular pulmonary function tests seem to indicate the potential presence of asthma.  Basically you will be exposed to various concentrations of methacholine followed by serial pulmonary function tests to determine the level at which your airways react. If you require more detailed information please let me know and I’ll try to type some more.. Cheers, Colya Kaminiarz Respiratory Therapist Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Centre Yes, some more info on this would be quite interesting.  They canceled this on me after I totally flunked out on a treadmill test, going into an acute asthma attack.  Fortunately they were suspicious that I might not do well and had a respiratory therapist and a pulmonary specialist standing by…… Sue whose asthma is triggered by almost everything

Response:

Hello, I am an asthmatic who has lived with asthma since childhood.  Over the years my asthma has fluctuated from being almost non-existent to periods of lots of meds and breathing problems.  Being pregnant was amazing as all allergies and asthma problems disappeared. Recently I developed a serious allergy to Kiwi which caused my throat to swell and my breathing to become difficult.  After a series of allergy tests, x-rays and pulmonary function tests, I have been asked to take one more test called the "Methacholine Challenge". I would like to hear from those people who have taken this test as I really have no idea what to expect outside of the fact that I am setting myself up for an asthma attack.  This test is to take place at the hospital where oxygen and all the other good stuff is available if required.   Thanks, Carol

Response:

- Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Recently I developed a serious allergy to Kiwi which caused my throat to swell and my breathing to become difficult.  After a series of allergy tests, x-rays and pulmonary function tests, I have been asked to take one more test called the "Methacholine Challenge". I would like to hear from those people who have taken this test as I really have no idea what to expect outside of the fact that I am setting myself up for an asthma attack.  This test is to take place at the hospital where oxygen and all the other good stuff is available if required.   Thanks, Carol

Hi Carol, the methacoline challenge test is a test that determines how "hyper-sensitive" your airways are, and is a good indication of how severe your asthma is. The test is relatively routine when regular pulmonary function tests seem to indicate the potential presence of asthma.  Basically you will be exposed to various concentrations of methacholine followed by serial pulmonary function tests to determine the level at which your airways react. If you require more detailed information please let me know and I’ll try to type some more.. Cheers, Colya Kaminiarz Respiratory Therapist Vancouver Hospital and Health Science Centre

Response:

alt.support.asthma FAQ: Asthma — General Information

Question:

Archive-name: asthma/medications Posting-Frequency: monthly Last-modified: 1 Nov 1994 Version: 3.2           alt.support.asthma FAQ:  Asthma Medications This FAQ attempts to list the most commonly prescribed medications for the prevention and treatment of asthma, both in the U.S. and The following information came from two sources:  most of the drugs available in the U.S. are listed in the 1994 Physician’s Desk Reference (full citation at end of post); the remainder of the information, including those medications available overseas, came from the many helpful contributors listed at the end of the post.  If you do not wish your name to be included in the contributors list, please state that explicitly when contributing.  Also, if I have left anyone’s name out, please let me know so that I may include it. ** Although the maintainer and contributors do their best to keep    this FAQ updated, it is by no means an authoritative work.      Asthma is a serious illness requiring supervision by a    physician.  Please do not attempt to change your medication    regime without consulting your doctor. Corrections, additions, and comments are requested; please include the name of the country in which the medication is available, as it isn’t always obvious from the user-id.  If the drug is available as an inhaler, please specify it as a MDI or one of the other types mentioned in the glossary, or add a description of the inhaler if it is not present already.   Abbreviations are explained in the glossary at the end of the table.   If the medication is followed by a country name in brackets, then to the best of my knowledge it is only available in that country, and not in the U.S. If the drug is available in a nasal form for allergies, I’ve included it for completeness.  I haven’t covered oral steroids, only inhaled, or antihistamines at the present time. + = added since last version & = updated/corrected since last version Type of drug                    Chemical name         Brand name       Comments Anti-inflammatory,   non-steroidal          cromolyn sodium       Intal            available as MDI,            (called sodium                         capsules for Spinhaler,            cromoglycate                           neb soln            in UK)              Nasalcrom        nasal spray          nedocromil            Tilade           MDI                                Tilade Mint      MDI (UK)          sodium cromoglycate — see cromolyn sodium Anti-inflammatory,   steroidal (inhaled)          beclomethasone        Beclovent        MDI            dipropionate        Beclodisk        diskhaler (Can)                                Becloforte       MDI (Can, Sw), larger                                                   dose than Beclovent                                Becotide         MDI (UK)                                Beconase         nasal MDI                                Beconase AQ      nasal spray                                Vanceril         MDI                                Vancenase        Pockethaler (nasal MDI)                                Vancenase AQ     nasal spray          budesonide            Pulmicort        turbohaler (Aus, Can)                                                 neb soln (UK)                                Rhinocort        nasal turbohaler (Can)                                Nebuamp          neb soln (Can)          dexamethasone         Decadron         Respihaler            sodium phosphate      Phosphate                        flunisolide           Aerobid          MDI                                Aerobid-M        MDI, with menthol as                                                   flavouring agent                                Bronalide        nasal turbohaler (Can)                                Nasalide         nasal spray                                Rhinalar         nasal spray (Can)          fluticasone           Flixotide        MDI (UK)            proprionate                          diskhaler (UK)          triamcinolone         Azmacort         MDI            acetonide           Nasacort         nasal MDI Anticholinergics (bronchodilators)          ipratropium           Atrovent         MDI            bromide Beta-agonists (bronchodilators)          albuterol*            Airet            inh soln            (salbutamol is      Proventil        MDI, inh soln, syrup,            WHO recommended                        tablets,            name generally                         Repetabs (SA tablets)            in use outside      Ventolin         MDI, inh soln, syrup,            the U.S.)                              neb soln, tablets,                                                   Rotacaps for Rotahaler                                Ventodisk        diskhaler (Can, UK)                                Volmax           ER tablets               * MDI uses albuterol, all other forms (tablets, etc.)                 use albuterol sulfate          bitolterol mesylate   Tornalate        MDI          ephedrine             Ephedrine        inh soln (Can)          epinephrine           Bronkaid Mist    MDI, OTC – epinephrine                                                   in form of nitrate                                                   and hydrochloride                                Bronkaid Mist    MDI, OTC – epinephrine                                  Suspension       in form of bitartrate                                Medihaler-Epi    MDI, OTC – epinephrine                                                   in form of bitartrate                                Primatene Mist   MDI, OTC                                Primatene Mist   MDI, OTC – epinephrine                                  Suspension       in form of bitartrate                                Sus-Phrine       injection          fenoterol             Berotec          MDI, inh soln, tablets            hydrobromide                           (Can, Aus, NZ)          isoetharine           Isoetharine      inh soln            hydrochloride         Arm-a-Med          isoproterenol         Medihaler-Iso    MDI            sulfate             Isuprel          MDI, neb soln (Can) —                                                   as hydrochloride          metaproterenol        Alupent          MDI, inh soln, tablets,            sulfate                                neb soln, syrup                                Metaprel         MDI, inh soln, syrup,                                                   tablets                                Metaproterenol  inh soln                                  Sulfate                                  Arm-a-Med          pirbuterol acetate    Maxair           MDI, autohaler          procaterol HCl        Pro-Air          MDI (Can)          salbutamol — see albuterol          salmeterol            Serevent         MDI            xinafoate                            diskhaler (UK)          terbutaline           Brethaire        MDI            sulfate             Brethine         tablets, neb soln,                                                   injection                                Bricanyl         tablets, injection                                                 turbohaler (Aus) Xanthines (bronchodilators)          theophylline          Aerolate         TD capsules, liquid                                Quibron-T        tablets, SA tablets                                                   (see also                                                   combinations)                                Respbid          SR tablets                                Slo-bid          ER capsules                                Slo-phylline     ER capsules                                T-Phyl           CR tablets                                Theo-24          ER capsules                                Theo-Dur         ER tablets                                Theo-Dur         SA capsules                                  Sprinkle                                      Theo-X           tablets                                Theolair         tablets, SR tablets,                                                   liquid                                Uniphyl          CR tablets          dyphylline**          Lufyllin         tablets, injection,                                                   syrup              ** similar to theophylline                  oxtriphylline***      Choledyl         DR tablets, SA tablets              *** oxtriphylline is the choline salt of theophylline,                  and 400 mg of it is equivalent to 254 mg of                  anhydrous theophylline Combination Medications: Brand name         Chemical names of ingredients    Comments Asbron G           theophylline sodium glycinate,   elixir, tablets                      guaifenesin (expectorant) Bronkaid Caplets   ephedrine sulfate, guaifenesin   tablets, OTC Congess            guaifenesin, pseudoephedrine     tablets Duo-Medihaler      isoproterenol hydrochloride,     MDI                      phenylephrine bitartrate Duovent            fenoterol hydrobromide,          MDI (UK)                      ipratropium bromide Marax              ephedrine sulfate,               tablets                      theophylline,                      Atarax (hydroxyzine HCl) Primatene Tablets  theophylline, ephedrine HCl      tablets, OTC Quadrinal          theophylline calcium salicylate, tablets                      ephedrine HCl, phenobarbital,

… read more »

Response:

Archive-name: asthma/general-info Posting-Frequency: monthly Last-modified: 1 Nov 1994 Version: 3.0           alt.support.asthma FAQ:  Asthma — General Information Introduction: Welcome to alt.support.asthma!  This newsgroup provides a forum for the discussion of asthma, its symptoms, causes, and forms of treatment. Please note that postings to alt.support.asthma are intended to be for discussion purposes only and are in no way to be construed as medical advice.  Asthma is a serious medical condition requiring direct supervision by a physician. Please be aware that the information in this FAQ is intended for educational purposes only and should not be used as a substitute for consulting with a doctor.  Many of the contributors are not health care professionals; this FAQ is a collection of personal experiences, suggestions, and practical information.  Please remember when reading this that every asthmatic responds differently; what is true for some asthmatics may or may not be true for you.  Although every effort is made to keep this information accurate, this FAQ should not be used as an authoritative reference. Comments, additions, and corrections are requested; if you do not wish your name to be included in the contributors list, please state that explicitly when contributing.  I will accept additions upon my own judgement — I’ll warn you right now that I’m a confirmed skeptic and am not a great believer in alternative medicine.  All unattributed portions are my own contributions.  For more information about asthma medications, there is also an Asthma Medications FAQ that is posted as a companion to this one. * = not added yet + = added since last version & = updated/corrected since last version Table of Contents: General Information: &    1.0  What is asthma? +         1.0.1  What is emphysema? *         1.0.2  What is COPD? +         1.0.3  What is status asthmaticus? +         1.0.4  What is anaphylactic shock? +    1.1  How is asthma normally treated? +         1.1.1  How is an acute asthma attack treated? *         1.1.2  What is a peak flow meter? *    1.2  How is asthma diagnosed? *    1.3  What are the common triggers of asthma?      1.4  What are some of the most common misconceptions about asthma? Medications: +    2.0  What are the major classes of asthma medications?      2.1  What are the names of the various asthma medications?           2.1.1  Are salbutamol and albuterol the same drug? +         2.1.2  Are some asthma drugs banned in athletic competitions?      2.2  What kinds of inhalers are there? &         2.2.1  Which kind of inhaler should I use? &         2.2.2  What is a spacer? &         2.2.3  What is "thrush mouth" and how can I avoid it? &         2.2.4  Is Fisons still making the Intal Spinhaler? +         2.2.5  What’s the difference between Spinhalers and Rotahalers? +         2.2.6  Should I use an inhaler or take pills? *         2.2.7  How can I tell when my MDI is empty?      2.3  What kinds of tablets are there? +         2.3.1  Why do I need a blood test when taking theophylline? +         2.3.2  Why are combination pills not commonly prescribed? +    2.4  What is a nebulizer? +    2.5  What medications should I avoid if I have asthma? Allergen Avoidance/Environmental Control: +    3.0  What does HEPA stand for? Miscellaneous:      4.0  What resources are there for asthmatics? 1.0  What is asthma?      Asthma is defined as *reversible* obstruction (blockage) of the      airways inside the lungs.  The ‘reversible’ part is important;      if the condition is NOT reversible, either with medication or      spontaneously, then the diagnosis is not that of asthma, but of      some other condition, usually chronic obstructive pulmonary      disease.      Quickly reviewing the structure of the lung:  air reaches the      lung by passing through the windpipe (trachea), which divides      into two large tubes (bronchi), one for each lung.  Each      bronchi further divides into many little tubes (bronchioles),      which eventually lead to tiny air sacs (alveoli), in which      oxygen from the air is transferred to the bloodstream, and      carbon dioxide from the bloodstream is transferred to the air.      Asthma involves only the airways (bronchi and bronchioles),      and not the air sacs.      Although everyone’s airways have the potential for constricting      in response to allergens or irritants, the asthmatic patient’s      airways are oversensitive, or hyperreactive.  In response to      stimuli, the airways may become obstructed by one of the      following:          - constriction of the muscles surrounding the airway;          - inflammation and swelling of the airway; or          - increased mucus production which clogs the airway.      Contributed in part by: 1.0.1  What is emphysema?      Emphysema is the disease in which the air sacs themselves, rather      than the airways, are either damaged or destroyed.  This is an      irreversible condition, leading to poor exchange of oxygen and      carbon dioxide between the air in the lungs and the bloodstream. 1.0.2  What is COPD?      - to be added in a future version 1.0.3  What is status asthmaticus?      Status asthmaticus is defined as a severe asthma attack that      fails to respond to routine treatment, such as inhaled      bronchodilators, injected epinephrine (adrenalin), or      intravenous theophylline. 1.0.4  What is anaphylactic shock?      Anaphylactic shock is defined as a severe and potentially      life-threatening allergic reaction throughout the entire      body.  It occurs when an allergen, instead of provoking a      localized reaction, enters the bloodstream and circulates      through the entire body, causing a systemic reaction.      (There may also be an intrinsic trigger, as some cases of      exercise-induced anaphylaxis have been reported.)      The symptoms of anaphylactic shock begin with a rapid      heartrate, flushing, swelling of the throat, nausea, coughing,      and chest tightness.  Severe wheezing, cramping, and a rapid      drop in blood pressure follow, which may lead to cardiac      arrest.  The treatment for anaphylaxis is intravenous      epinephrine (adrenalin). 1.1  How is asthma normally treated?      Treatment of asthma attempts to alleviate both the constriction      and inflammation of the airways.  Drugs used for relieving the      constriction are called bronchodilators, because they dilate      (open up) the constricted bronchi.  Drugs aimed at reducing      inflammation of the airways are called anti-inflammatories,      and come in both steroidal and nonsteroidal forms.  If the      asthma is triggered by allergies, then reducing the patient’s      exposure to the allergens or taking shots for desensitization      are other alternatives.      There are two main classes of bronchodilators, beta-agonists      which are usually taken in an inhaled form, and xanthines,      which are chemically related to caffeine.  The major xanthine,      theophylline, is present in coffee and tea, and is taken      orally.  Beta-agonists are chemically related to adrenalin.      The inflammation component is treated primarily with steroids,      which are a type of hormone.  The steroids used in the treatment      of asthma are corticosteroids, which are not the same as the      anabolic steroids that have become notorious for their abuse by      muscle builders and athletes.  Up until fairly recently, doctors      did not usually prescribe corticosteroids for asthma except as a      final resort, when all else was not working to achieve the      desired result.  Now that has completely reversed.  Steroid      inhalers are now among the first line of drugs that a      doctor will try in asthma management after an acute attack has      resolved.  They work by reducing inflammation of the bronchi, and      making future acute attacks less likely.  There are also two      nonsteroidal anti-inflammatories available, cromolyn sodium and      nedocromil, which are a popular alternative to inhaled      corticosteroids.      *IT IS IMPORTANT TO NOTE THAT OBTAINING RELIEF FROM AN ACUTE      EPISODE OF ASTHMA (an asthma "attack") IS NOT THE SAME THING AS      TREATING THE ASTHMA.*   Years ago it was thought that "asthma"      consisted only of the acute "attacks" which were suffered      intermittently;  when you weren’t wheezing, you didn’t have      asthma any more.  This is no longer thought to be the case.  New      asthma research emphasizes the role of the inflammation component      of asthma, pointing out that bronchodilation alone does not      reverse or treat the inflammation, although it does offer      dramatic relief from an acute "attack".  New thinking on the      subject is that if the underlying inflammation is successfully      treated, then the person with asthma will be much less      susceptible to the airway constriction, wheezing, and increased      mucus secretion which accompany an acute "attack".  People with      asthma have been found often to have ongoing inflammation which      does not subside between acute "attacks", even when they are not      wheezing.  However, treatment of the inflammation cannot be done      on an emergency basis.  Treatment of the inflammation component      is done after control is regained from an acute episode.  Without      treating the underlying inflammation, the asthma itself is not      being addressed and

… read more »

Response: