American woman, 56, fights doping ban
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JJK – Jackie Joyner Kersey I presume, and Asthma inhalers are allowed provided they are prescribed by a doctor, I remember a notice to this effect being issued at our club. Exactly, some banned medications are allowed if prescribed by a doctor, so where is the line drawn? If the anti-asthma medication is banned the implication is that its use can confer some advantage on the athlete, so why not say that its user can not compete, since that seems to be the prevalent opinion on this NG about this masters competitor? Phil.
I imagine the difference is that the approved anti-asthma medicines only allow the affected athlete to perform AS WELL AS they might without asthma – it doesn’t enhance their natural ability or (?) enhance the abilities of someone without asthma. I think one thing that must be considered here is that there are alternative, non-steroidal drugs that can be used for menopause and those medications are not banned. If there are alternatives that accomplish the medical purposes without raising the steroid issue, it’s logical to ban the steroids. If there were no alternatives, then there might be a case to be made. Mike Tennent "IronPenguin" Ironman Canada ‘98 16:17:03 Great Floridian ‘99, 17:13:38
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I imagine the difference is that the approved anti-asthma medicines only allow the affected athlete to perform AS WELL AS they might without asthma – it doesn’t enhance their natural ability or (?) enhance the abilities of someone without asthma.
So this is the crux. Asthma inhalers are prohibited for anyone not prescribed them by a doctor, suggesting they offer a performance enhancement if taken by a normal fit person. So you have now penalised the normal fit person by allowing an asthma sufferer to ‘level the playing field’ and take a performance enhancing drug. So I have two questions. 1) When does taking medication to treat an illness become taking medication to improve my performance? (ans. when the IAAF says so) 2) What is there to stop an athlete getting a friendly doctor to write them out a prescription for an asthma inhaler when not medically required? In any case, I suspect the IAAF allow asthma medication purely on safety grounds rather than any desire to give asthma sufferers a leg-up. IanB.
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What, in a class of her own for people who have taken performance enhancing drugs? Sorry, can’t see that happening. That’s like a two tier system – races for people on drugs, and races for people who aren’t cheating. Huh.
Maybe not such a bad idea. They do it in bodybuilding.
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JJK and other athletes are given special medical dispensation to use anti-asthma medication which is on the banned list why is not this woman allowed the same courtesy? ‘fraid I don’t know who JJK is nor the particular anti-asthma medication in question. JJK – Jackie Joyner Kersey I presume, and Asthma inhalers are allowed provided they are prescribed by a doctor, I remember a notice to this effect being issued at our club.
Exactly, some banned medications are allowed if prescribed by a doctor, so where is the line drawn? If the anti-asthma medication is banned the implication is that its use can confer some advantage on the athlete, so why not say that its user can not compete, since that seems to be the prevalent opinion on this NG about this masters competitor? Phil. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – This beggars the question; what else is legal if accompanied by a doctors prescription? And what checks are in place to ensure the doctor is prescribing for medical rather than performance reasons? IanB – and if you’re going to run 9.7sec this summer Mr. Greene, I recommend you take some of these.
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Well, I don’t think people should be penalised for taking medication that they necessarily need to use.
And if that means that they are ineligible for competition, then tough. If other competitors have to take drugs that may have knock on effects for their every day lives just to compete with those who have already chosen to take them, that’s even worse. The thus-far drug free athletes would be forced into taking performance enhancing drugs just to keep up. If you’re on medication that means you can’t drive, you don’t drive, right? There are so many drugs available that alternatives must be nearly always available. I remember reading above somewhere that she had changed from one brand to another, and that the first wasn’t banned. So it’s still her fault. Gavin ’sorry, I didn’t bother to find out if murder was illegal in this competition’ Hodgson — Gavin Hodgson, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge UK. http://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/~acapella ; ICQ 25932089 http://www.alladvantage.com/go.asp?refid=GTG986 Know pain… or lose. Your choice.
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typical libertarian drug loving response. why cann’t the track federation (as the business owner) make whatever rules it wants? If to protect their image the fedration chooses to ban the use of some substances why shouldn’t they be allowed to? If an athlete ‘needs’ a banned substance then they have a choice. Find an alternative treatment, do without the treatment, seek a waiver (which the fedration can grant if it chooses or not) or retire. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Why does it matter if athletes dope up to become good at a sport? I mean it’s their bodies. Let them do whatever they want. I am referring to young and old athletes alike. This case is just absurd. Who’s cares? She’s 56 and this is NORMAL treatment. Of course I also support the legalization of all drugs. It’s not like she even lied about it. At the time she filled out the form she wasn’t taking the drug (had only been on it for 2 months when she got "caught"). I say they should leave her alone and hope they can be as fit as she is at her age. -jeff Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
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JJK and other athletes are given special medical dispensation to use anti-asthma medication which is on the banned list why is not this woman allowed the same courtesy? ‘fraid I don’t know who JJK is nor the particular anti-asthma medication in question.
JJK – Jackie Joyner Kersey I presume, and Asthma inhalers are allowed provided they are prescribed by a doctor, I remember a notice to this effect being issued at our club. This beggars the question; what else is legal if accompanied by a doctors prescription? And what checks are in place to ensure the doctor is prescribing for medical rather than performance reasons? IanB – and if you’re going to run 9.7sec this summer Mr. Greene, I recommend you take some of these.
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– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Well, I don’t think people should be penalised for taking medication that they necessarily need to use. And if that means that they are ineligible for competition, then tough. If other competitors have to take drugs that may have knock on effects for their every day lives just to compete with those who have already chosen to take them, that’s even worse. The thus-far drug free athletes would be forced into taking performance enhancing drugs just to keep up. If you’re on medication that means you can’t drive, you don’t drive, right? There are so many drugs available that alternatives must be nearly always available. I remember reading above somewhere that she had changed from one brand to another, and that the first wasn’t banned. So it’s still her fault. Gavin ’sorry, I didn’t bother to find out if murder was illegal in this competition’ Hodgson — Gavin Hodgson, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge UK. http://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/~acapella ; ICQ 25932089 http://www.alladvantage.com/go.asp?refid=GTG986 Know pain… or lose. Your choice.
What I find much more fascinating, then really debating about whether or not competitive atheletes are following XYZ authority (IAAF?) on drug policy is to actually figure out the culture of drug policy that the authority has implemented. As an anthropologist, that is a much more fascinating question to me. We’re all writing about this drug policy as if all of these drug policies are "naturally obvious" when I would argue very strongly that these drug policies are culturally created. Perhaps this is an obvious point to some. In other words, the drug policy is very much a policy that indicates the kinds of cultural assumptions the authorities make. And we may want to challenge those very cultural assumptions. I bring this up because I find folks defending the drug policy way too quickly without actually consciously realising what kinds of cultural assumptions those policy are based on and what kind of effects those policies actually have on the ground level. I have to say that I’m no expert on the subject though, but I am wary enough to know that I don’t want to go defending a policy (and especially one that affects athletes) without getting a good grip on its consequences and assumptions. C
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*The* question is should she compete in light of the fact she’s taking anabolic steroids?
Yes, she should still compete. C
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Excuse me if I remember the article incorrectly, but nowhere do I remember the article talking about Jager achieving testosterone levels of a male high school senior. Are you exaggerating the truth? Or is there something else I’m missing? I’m not exaggerating, but the phrasing of my statement might mislead. I’ll clarify. The article stated that upon testing, they suspected she was a man and demanded proof of gender.
The Australian competitors had said that she looked like a man and objected to her participation demanding proof that she was a woman. This was easily proved at Gateshead by producing evidence that she was the mother of two children! The suggestion that she was male was not the result of hormone tests, you are misreading the article Jenn. As an entrant at Gateshead I remember the furore it caused at the time very well. Applying the IAAF criteria, before such a demand would be made, the testosterone levels (depending on which one they were testing) would have approximated that of an average male, and would have been outside the range of an average female. An average healthy male’s testosterone peaks in puberty, drops after puberty and then remains reasonably constant over time. (Rising of course whenever the words "football" or "hooters" or "corvette" are spoken aloud.)
The IAAF tests do not test for the level of testosterone in part because it varies so wildly in the normal male, the test is instead for the testosterone/ epi-testerone ratio which does not vary so wildly. Taking testosterone itself changes the ratio and so a high ratio (6) is regarded as evidence of ‘doping’, this is a poor diagnostic particularly when applied to women since the data for applying the test was derived from studies on men! In the case of synthetic steroids which can only be in the body via ‘medication’ the tests have basically ‘zero-tolerance’. So I think that your statements about ‘High school seniors’ are inaccurate extrapolation on your part Jenn. Who’d have thought that a drug called Estratest prescribed for menopause related problems would contain methyl-testosterone? In fact it also contains estrogens, the female hormones which are being replaced in ‘Hormone replacement therapy’, other hormones, such as the methyl-testosterone, are usually added to such medications to counteract undesireable side-effects of the medication itself. That an IAAF spokesman could say: "Why someone of her age would want to use steroids is beyond me.", indicates total stupidity on their part and is worthy of investigation if IAAF are to maintain credibility in overseeing masters competition. Osteoporosis is a particularly debilitating condition for women after menopause and is a reason why many women take up running later in life as exercise is a major factor in rebuilding the bone density. Also HRT is often used to prevent the onset of O., my mother started taking such medication at the age of 75 for this reason. JJK and other athletes are given special medical dispensation to use anti-asthma medication which is on the banned list why is not this woman allowed the same courtesy? Phil. – Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – So when I said ‘levels of a male high school senior’ I could have easily have said ‘levels of a thirty year old male.’ The former, I thought, demonstrated the point better. Regardless, whether it was that of a teenage male, young man or older man, the testosterone was *unusually* high. *That’s* the point. And, they was unusually high because she was taking a banned drug competing against women *not* taking the same drug. Granted it was prescribed by a physician and was probably not taken for performance enhancement. Fact is, it probably *did* enhance performance. Jennifer – Post menopausal on anabolic steroids. How’d you like to come home to that after work?
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The Australian competitors had said that she looked like a man and objected to her participation demanding proof that she was a woman. This was easily proved at Gateshead by producing evidence that she was the mother of two children! The suggestion that she was male was not the result of hormone tests, you are misreading the article Jenn.
Perhaps, perhaps not. Here’s the T/E rule: "In the case of T/E ratio higher than 6, it is mandatory that the relevant medical authority conduct an investigation before the sample is declared positive. Such investigation will follow with a written report, will include a review of previous tests, subsequent tests, and endocrine and gender specific investigations." The logical progression according to the above rule (and my assumption) was first, a test following by, second "Hey wait a minute are you a guy?!" You state it occurred in the reverse. You have a 50:50 chance of being right, as do I. If you were there and say it happened your way, I believe you. The IAAF tests do not test for the level of testosterone in part because it varies so wildly in the normal male, the test is instead for the testosterone/ epi-testerone ratio which does not vary so wildly.
True, if the T/E test was used, which is why in my original post I stated something to the effect of "depending on which testosterone they were testing." I didn’t and still do not know if they were testing using the IAAF EPI test. I do know that in addition to the T/E test there are competitions using absolute measures for testosterone levels instead of the T/E. (i.e. (1) E in excess of 200mg will be investigated regardless of gender, age, or T/E ratio (2) presence of exogenous "anabolic production" testosterone). Regardless, I concede that my comparison to a high school senior was hyperbole (although I’ll still *speculate* quite accurate). *But* so far, all previous points (yours and mine), all these debate points, are collateral and almost irrelevant. *The* question is should she compete in light of the fact she’s taking anabolic steroids? [snip] Osteoporosis is a particularly debilitating condition for women after menopause and is a reason why many women take up running later in life as exercise is a major factor in rebuilding the bone density. Also HRT is often used to prevent the onset of O., my mother started taking such medication at the age of 75 for this reason.
And that is an excellent reason for taking HRT — but I think your mum’s eligibility for Olympic competition is lost. Your mum likely has a physical, competitive advantage over the same 75 year old woman *not* on therapy. The difference is mainly attributable to the generally positive effects an anabolic brings. Should she take the drug? Sure, if she and her doctor think it’s appropriate. Should she be allowed to compete? No, not if it’s on the banned list. Suppose, for example, she’s anemic? Should she be allowed to take EPO and compete? I say no, regardless of age. Drugs can delay age related ailments, but if they confer a competitive advantage, then a person taking them should not be allowed to compete. Should a 75 year old woman, taking Human Growth Hormone, because it makes her feel and function as a younger 65 year old, be allow to compete against a similar aged granny not taking HGH? I say no. JJK and other athletes are given special medical dispensation to use anti-asthma medication which is on the banned list why is not this woman allowed the same courtesy?
‘fraid I don’t know who JJK is nor the particular anti-asthma medication in question. Jennifer – Role reversal. "…just because you’re old doesn’t mean you can break the rules mum."
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– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Excuse me if I remember the article incorrectly, but nowhere do I remember the article talking about Jager achieving testosterone levels of a male high school senior. Are you exaggerating the truth? Or is there something else I’m missing? I’m not exaggerating, but the phrasing of my statement might mislead. I’ll clarify. The article stated that upon testing, they suspected she was a man and demanded proof of gender. The Australian competitors had said that she looked like a man and objected to her participation demanding proof that she was a woman. This was easily proved at Gateshead by producing evidence that she was the mother of two children! The suggestion that she was male was not the result of hormone tests, you are misreading the article Jenn. As an entrant at Gateshead I remember the furore it caused at the time very well.
We also cannot forget that whether one looks like a man or a woman is very much a cultural call and also in certain contexts, some men do look like women and some women look like men (of course depending on the person doing the "judging".) For instance, I wouldn’t have EVER guessed that Hilary Swank (who played "Boys Don’t Cry) was a woman had I not known that the movie was about a transsexual. If I had no clue that the story was about a transsexual and if I had no idea that Hilary Swank was playing a transsexual, I would have thought she was a man. And obviously, Swank didn’t take drugs or have operations to make her look like a man.
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So it’s unfortunate for the woman concerned, but it’s still her fault. So the ban should stand, and people should learn from her example. Cheats Never Prosper.
So why do the East German woman from the 70’s and 80’s still have their gold medals? To stop the cheats at the Sydney Olympics they need to: * Search EVERY athlete and official entering Australia * Random search raids in athletes village * keeping blood samples for 4 years and test samples for every new test and remove medals from those found positive. * make sponsors have "drug" clauses in contracts with athletes that make them return money if they are caught. Australia are doing this with scholarship money and starting to make it mandatory for all sporting contracts – this is a VERY good thing.
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First, I was trying to extend the conversation to the broader topic of doping in general which logically follows from the accusation that this woman used illegal drugs. Facts: (1) There *are* drug rules; don’t assume them away.
At the time she signed up for the event she complied with the rules. The medicine that wasn’t allowed in the rules did the same thing as one that she was taking that was legal, but this particular woman couldn’t take that drug any longer. In theory, the other athletes could be using the legal drug, getting the same benefits from it, and their standing not being questioned. (2) She was competing with and defeating others. The others, abided by the rules and passed the testing without the benefit of an artificially raised testosterone level.
That was part of my (failed) attempt to bridge this discussion to the larger one of doping in general. I think drug rules are stupid – you can (and probably will disagree). (3) In response to your ‘who cares,’ well I bet you her competitors care. Certainly the IAAF cared.
Well, let’s take everything to it’s grammatical extreme. I hope you were able to grasp what I meant by this. Now. The question was and is,
Yes, I forgot how we must only answer the exact question posed in the original message in a thread. To extend the thread to any other relevant topics would just be insane. (1) should she be judged the winner of the particular events in question and
Yes. (2) should her ban be upheld in light of the rules?
Yes. Jennifer – and raise your hand next time
what makes you think i didn’t? i didn’t…and never would…but how did you know?
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Hmmm… Each athlete has a responsibility to his or her self, and to the reputation of their sport and hence to their competitors to acquaint themselves with the regulations regarding banned substances. Regardless of where these substances come from. If these substances are found in an athlete’s body, then they alone are to be held responsible. This is as true at vets level as it is at any other level. And considering this was the _World Champs_ naivety isn’t a defence. (Try telling a judge you didn’t know theft was illegal…) Now, this woman may have had no intention to cheat. It certainly reads that way, particularly considering that she declared her medication. But there can be no exemptions from any drug testing programme – what would be the point of the programme? So it’s unfortunate for the woman concerned, but it’s still her fault. So the ban should stand, and people should learn from her example. Cheats Never Prosper. — Gavin Hodgson, Corpus Christi College, Cambridge UK. http://www.corpus.cam.ac.uk/~acapella ; ICQ 25932089 http://www.alladvantage.com/go.asp?refid=GTG986 Running ovals around the competition.
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Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
I lean towards jenn’s reaction on this one. I don’t think she was "cheating" intentionally, but the fact remains that her medication, taken for whatever reason, would clearly give her an edge over another competitor not taking it. Her lack of knowledge about which drugs were banned (the list is there for the reading) can’t be allowed as an excuse else every athlete claim the same thing. As for USATF’s reaction, I’m not sure allowing Masters athletes to take steroids for "medical" reasons would be a wise course. How could you draw any kind of line between legal medical use and doping for competitive edge? And since there are non-steroidal alternatives, what’s the need? Mike Tennent "IronPenguin" Ironman Canada ‘98 16:17:03 Great Floridian ‘99, 17:13:38
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This person was taking more than the recommended dose! The reason the competitors wanted a gender test done on her was that she talked like a man and looked like a man. She was showing all of the symptoms of the East German woman on steroids of the 70’s and 80’s. It was no surprise that she tested positive. Ignorance is no defence for taking banned substances. I think she found that one tablet was doing wonders for the performance, so she tried 2 – then 3 – then 4, until she looks and sounds like a bloke. Geoff
– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
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Let’s role play. I’ll be the magister, you, the student. Prof.: There are laws against dropping things on dogs. If I drop a 20 pound object from a height of 10 feet onto a dog how fast would the object be moving immediately prior to it canine impact? You: Why does it matter if athletes [drop heavy objects on dogs] ? I mean it’s her [heavy object and dogs are evil.] Let them do whatever they want. I am referring to young and old athletes alike. This case is just absurd. Who’s cares? Professor: uh…young man…the question was… You: She’s 56 and [heavy objects fall and dogs suck] Of course I also support the repeal of [the laws of gravity. Who passed that law anyway?] It’s not like she even lied about it. Although I’m not unsympathetic to a libertarian philosophy, I’ll remind you that your response is more of an irrelevant rant and less of an analysis of the problem that’s afoot. Facts: (1) There *are* drug rules; don’t assume them away. (2) She was competing with and defeating others. The others, abided by the rules and passed the testing without the benefit of an artificially raised testosterone level. (3) In response to your ‘who cares,’ well I bet you her competitors care. Certainly the IAAF cared. Now. The question was and is, (1) should she be judged the winner of the particular events in question and (2) should her ban be upheld in light of the rules? Jennifer – and raise your hand next time
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– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Hmmm… Each athlete has a responsibility to his or her self, and to the reputation of their sport and hence to their competitors to acquaint themselves with the regulations regarding banned substances. Regardless of where these substances come from. If these substances are found in an athlete’s body, then they alone are to be held responsible. This is as true at vets level as it is at any other level. And considering this was the _World Champs_ naivety isn’t a defence. (Try telling a judge you didn’t know theft was illegal…) Now, this woman may have had no intention to cheat. It certainly reads that way, particularly considering that she declared her medication. But there can be no exemptions from any drug testing programme – what would be the point of the programme? So it’s unfortunate for the woman concerned, but it’s still her fault. So the ban should stand, and people should learn from her example. Cheats Never Prosper.
An alternative way to look at the case is to really look at the drug policy and to look at whether the drug policy is disseminated clearly to athletes. Look at the drug policy and evaluate how realistic it is. After all, people should not be reprimanded for a drug they need to take for whatever reason. And also look at whether that policy is clearly expressed to athletes and how it is done.
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Why does it matter if athletes dope up to become good at a sport? I mean it’s their bodies. Let them do whatever they want. I am referring to young and old athletes alike. This case is just absurd. Who’s cares? She’s 56 and this is NORMAL treatment. Of course I also support the legalization of all drugs. It’s not like she even lied about it. At the time she filled out the form she wasn’t taking the drug (had only been on it for 2 months when she got "caught"). I say they should leave her alone and hope they can be as fit as she is at her age. -jeff
– Hide quoted text — Show quoted text – Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
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Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
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Please check out the latest version of my article on Kathy Jager, who received a two-year IAAF ban from competition for testing positive for a prohibited substance — the methyltestosterone in her doctor-prescribed hormone-replacement medication. Raises very important questions for the masters movement. See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html Thanks for your attention. I welcome your comments and questions. Ken Stone http://www.masterstrack.com
To me, sounds like a drug policy gone awry and a track athlete that was wrongfully hurt. One thing bugged me about your article: It seems fair to me that considering Jager’s state of events, your article’s title should be written with **quotes** around the word doping. Thus, it perhaps should look like this: Kathy Jager fights two-year IAAF ban for "doping" Conal Guan-Yow Ho Department of Anthropology Graduate Student University of California, Santa Cruz Office: 337 Social Sciences I USA
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[snip] Raises very important questions for the masters movement.
The question is: Should drugs that combat symptoms of aging be legal against athletes of the same age who don’t take the drug? See http://www.masterstrack.com/news2000may16a.html
My opinion is and has been that the only solution is to eliminate all drug testing in athletics in any age group. However, under the current rules, Ms. Jager’s ban should stand. Ms. Jager has 2 arguments, neither of which should prevai: 1: "Nobody with IAAF told me." Bull. She filled out a questionaire stating the drugs she was taking. Did she stop to inquire which ones might be banned? She sure should have and would have found that the anabolic she was taking was illegal for IAAF competition — it’s on the list. 2: "Don’t hold me to the same standard as a 20 year old." New argument, same bull. Ms. Jager took hormone replacement therapy on Doctor’s orders to deal with symptoms of menopause. An added side effect of this therapy was to boost the testosterone level to that of a male high school senior. A woman with a drug boosted testosterone level (that of 18 year old male) competing against other 55-60 year old women in events requiring speed,strength and power. Fair? Jennifer – a granny with ‘roid rage
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2: "Don’t hold me to the same standard as a 20 year old." New argument, same bull. Ms. Jager took hormone replacement therapy on Doctor’s orders to deal with symptoms of menopause. An added side effect of this therapy was to boost the testosterone level to that of a male high school senior. A woman with a drug boosted testosterone level (that of 18 year old male) competing against other 55-60 year old women in events requiring speed,strength and power. Fair?
Excuse me if I remember the article incorrectly, but nowhere do I remember the article talking about Jager achieving testosterone levels of a male high school senior. Are you exaggerating the truth? Or is there something else I’m missing? Conal
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Excuse me if I remember the article incorrectly, but nowhere do I remember the article talking about Jager achieving testosterone levels of a male high school senior. Are you exaggerating the truth? Or is there something else I’m missing?
I’m not exaggerating, but the phrasing of my statement might mislead. I’ll clarify. The article stated that upon testing, they suspected she was a man and demanded proof of gender. Applying the IAAF criteria, before such a demand would be made, the testosterone levels (depending on which one they were testing) would have approximated that of an average male, and would have been outside the range of an average female. An average healthy male’s testosterone peaks in puberty, drops after puberty and then remains reasonably constant over time. (Rising of course whenever the words "football" or "hooters" or "corvette" are spoken aloud.) So when I said ‘levels of a male high school senior’ I could have easily have said ‘levels of a thirty year old male.’ The former, I thought, demonstrated the point better. Regardless, whether it was that of a teenage male, young man or older man, the testosterone was *unusually* high. *That’s* the point. And, they was unusually high because she was taking a banned drug competing against women *not* taking the same drug. Granted it was prescribed by a physician and was probably not taken for performance enhancement. Fact is, it probably *did* enhance performance. Jennifer – Post menopausal on anabolic steroids. How’d you like to come home to that after work?
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